The force of sugar in the SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE-2 interaction
The force of sugar in the SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE-2 interaction
Disciplines
Biology (70%); Medical Biotechnology (20%); Physics, Astronomy (10%)
Keywords
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Atomic force microscopy,
Single molecule force spectroscopy,
SARS-CoV-2 spike,
ACE-2,
Protein glycosylation,
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Virusreceptor interactions are pivotal in establishing an infection. Viruses, particularly RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, constantly evolve and any mutations in the viral spike surface glycoprotein, particularly in the receptor-binding domain, need to be thoroughly monitored. Also, the port of entry for SARS-CoV-2, the receptor ACE-2 displays heterogeneity among humans. The viral spike protein and the human receptor are heavily glycosylated and glycans indirectly support or are directly involved in the interaction of the two proteins. Any mutations in the viral spike protein or ACE-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms that result in the loss of a strategically-positioned glycan in or close to the binding interface therefore require our attention, as these may in the worst case increase susceptibility to viral infection and transmissibility. A profound understanding of viralreceptor interactions is of significant importance, allowing us to expand our knowledge of tissue and species tropism, pathogenesis in certain human populations and early preparedness for emerging variants of concerns. The overall aim of this project is to produce and analyze different spike and ACE-2 variants with site- specific ablations of glycosylation sites within the binding interface. In contrast to previous studies using already emerged spike variants and the wildtype receptor ACE-2, we put a special focus on specific glycosylation sites of the interaction partners, that, owing to their proximal/strategic position, are suggested to affect viral-host interaction and naturally occurring ACE-2 glycovariant polymorphisms. We will evaluate the capability of the panel of interaction partners to bind under dynamic conditions and quantify binding strengths and kinetics, as well as map their interaction energy landscape. In addition, we will monitor the structural role of the spike glycomutations and their involvement in modulating its conformational dynamics and the inhibitory effect of soluble ACE-2 glycovariants on the binding of spike glycomutants to cellular ACE-2 receptors. Soluble SARS-CoV-2 spike and ACE-2 glycomutants will be recombinantly expressed in human cell lines and extensively characterized by quantitative glycopeptide analysis. The interactions between them will be analysed in single molecule and cell force spectroscopy experiments that, unlike ensemble methods, can capture every individual binding-unbinding events. High speed AFM movies will directly film dynamic conformational changes of isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein glycomutants. Our comprehensive investigations will not only result in a valuable collection of data for deciphering the mechanisms of spike-ACE-2 variant interaction, but also provide an experimental basis for the design of novel therapeutics for effective blocking of viral variant entry.
- Universität Linz - 50%
- Universität für Bodenkultur Wien - 50%
- Miriam Maria Klausberger, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien , associated research partner
Research Output
- 7 Citations
- 5 Publications
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2023
Title Molecular Recognition in Confined Space Elucidated with DNA Nanopores and Single-Molecule Force Microscopy DOI 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00743 Type Journal Article Author Suh S Journal Nano Letters Pages 4439-4447 Link Publication -
2023
Title Relevance of Host Cell Surface Glycan Structure for Cell Specificity of Influenza A Viruses DOI 10.3390/v15071507 Type Journal Article Author Kastner M Journal Viruses Pages 1507 Link Publication -
2024
Title Plant-Derived Anti-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Antibody Suppresses Trastuzumab-Resistant Breast Cancer with Enhanced Nanoscale Binding DOI 10.1021/acsnano.4c00360 Type Journal Article Author Park C Journal ACS Nano Pages 16126-16140 Link Publication -
2024
Title Mechanisms of Plasma Ozone and UV-C Sterilization of SARS-CoV-2 Explored through Atomic Force Microscopy DOI 10.1021/acsami.4c11057 Type Journal Article Author Bae J Journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Pages 49176-49185 Link Publication -
2023
Title Stabilization of the Quadruplex-Forming G-Rich Sequences in the Rhinovirus Genome Inhibits Uncoating—Role of Na+ and K+ DOI 10.3390/v15041003 Type Journal Article Author Real-Hohn A Journal Viruses Pages 1003 Link Publication